Splenomegaly in Dogs
Splenomegaly refers to the enlargement of the spleen. This medical
condition can occur in all breeds and genders, but middle-aged dogs and
larger breeds tend to be more prone. It is also not usually directly
related to the spleen, but rather a symptom of another disease or
condition. Treatment options will be recommended based upon the cause of
the splenomegaly.
Symptoms and Types
An enlarged spleen may lead to such symptoms as:
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Lack of appetite
- Abdominal pain
- Lethargy and reduced activity
- Weakness and even collapse
Causes
A variety of things are known to cause an enlarged spleen including
an abdominal injury, canine hepatitis, infectious disorders,
inflammatory bowel disease, bacterial infection, cell tumors of the
spleen, and other immune disorders. While these are some of the most
common causes, the medical causes for an enlarged spleen are not
directly related to the spleen itself, but rather a symptom of another
disease or condition.
Diagnosis
Upon examination, a prominent spleen or a protruding abdomen may be
noticed. A fine needle aspiration may then be used to diagnose the
spleen disorder. Also, ultrasounds and X-rays may be used to view the
spleen and surrounding areas for abnormalities. In addition to imaging,
blood work will give a comprehensive review of all possible underlying
medical issues.
Treatment
The recommended treatment options will be dependent upon the
underlying causes of the enlarged spleen. As an enlarged spleen is
typically a sign of another underlying medical condition, it is
important to understand the cause before establishing a proper treatment
for the animal. In severe cases, removal of the spleen (splenectomy)
may be recommended.
Living and Management
Many of the common underlying medical causes are treatable with
prescription medication. In the event that the spleen is removed, Your
dog will require rehabilitation to heal properly; its activity should
also be restricted.
Prevention
There are currently no known preventative measures for an enlarged spleen.