LIVESTOCK EXTENSION GUIDELINE

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
MINISTRY OF LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT
LIVESTOCK EXTENSION SERVICES IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDELINES
MARCH 2011

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS / ACRONYMS .................................................................................................. 3
FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................................... 4
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................... 5
2.0 Guideline Areas............................................................................................................................. 6
2.1.0 Coordination of Livestock Extension Service Providers at All Levels ................................... 6
2.1.1 Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1.2 Implementation Guidelines...................................................................................................... 6
2.2.0 Coordination and Strengthening of Research-Extension–Livestock Farmer- Linkages ......... 7
2.2.1 Objective:................................................................................................................................. 7
2.2.2 Implementation Guidelines...................................................................................................... 7
2.3.0 Promotion and Strengthening of Participatory Livestock Extension Services ........................ 9
2.3.1 Participatory Extension Approaches and Methodologies........................................................ 9
2.3.2 Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation ................................................................................ 9
2.4.0 Strengthening Technical Support Services for Livestock Extension Services;..................... 10
2.4.2 Recruitment and Management of Human Resource .............................................................. 11
2.5.0 Clarification of Roles and Responsibilities of Various Stakeholders;................................... 18
2.5.1 Objective:............................................................................................................................... 18
2.5.2 Implementation Guidelines;................................................................................................... 18
2. 5.0 Public–Private Partnership in the Facilitation of Livestock Extension Services.................. 21
2.6.1 Objectives: ............................................................................................................................. 22
2.6.2 Implementation Guidelines:................................................................................................... 22
2.7.0 Communication and Networking........................................................................................... 22
2.7.1 Objective:............................................................................................................................... 22
2.7.2 Implementation Guidelines.................................................................................................... 23
2.8.0 Strengthening of Infrastructure and Facilities for Livestock Extension Services ................. 23
2.8.1 Logistic Support for Livestock Extension Services............................................................... 23
Objective:........................................................................................................................................ 23
2.8.2 Funding for Livestock Extension Services ............................................................................ 24
Objectives: ...................................................................................................................................... 24
Implementation Guidelines............................................................................................................. 24
2.9.0 Commercialization of Livestock Sector ............................................................................... 24
2.9.1 Objective:............................................................................................................................... 24
2.9.2 Implementation guidelines:.................................................................................................... 25
2.10.0 Commodity Based Extension Services ............................................................................... 25
2.10.1 Objective:............................................................................................................................. 25
2.10.2 Implementation Guidelines.................................................................................................. 25
2.11. 0 Cross-Cutting Issues ........................................................................................................... 26
Objectives: ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Implementation Guidelines............................................................................................................. 26
2.11.1 Environmental protection .................................................................................................... 26
2.11.2 Gender Mainstreaming ........................................................................................................ 27
2.11.3 HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis Prevention and Control........................................... 27
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ABBREVIATIONS / ACRONYMS
ACT Agricultural Council of Tanzania
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AMSDP Agricultural Marketing Systems Development Programme
ASDP Agricultural Sector Development Programme
ASLMs Agricultural Sector Lead Ministries
CBOs Community Based Organizations
CMT Council Management Team
CORDEMA Client Oriented Research Management Approach
CTIA Chamber of Trade Industry and Agriculture
DADPs District Agricultural Development Plans
DASAC District Agricultural Sector Advisory Committee
DFT District Facilitation Team
DLFDO District Livestock and Fisheries Development Officer
FDCs Folk Development Centres
FTCs Farmers Training Centres
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
LDF Livestock Development Fund
LGAs Local Government Authorities
LGRP Local Government Reform Programmes
LSDP Livestock Sector Development Programme
LITIs Livestock Training Institutes
MAFC Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Cooperatives
MATIs Ministry of Agriculture Training Institutes
MKUKUTA Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umaskini Tanzani
MLDF Ministry of Livestock Development & Fisheries
MVIWATA Mtandao wa Vikundi vya Wakulima Tanzania
NGOs Non- Governmental Organizations
NLP National Livestock Policy
O&OD Opportunities and Obstacles to Development
OPRAS Open Performance Review and Assessment System
PM&E Participatory Monitoring & Evaluation
PMO-RALG Prime Minister’s Office- Regional Administration & Local Government
RS Regional Secretariat
SACCOS Savings and Credit Cooperative Society
SMS Subject Matter Specialist
TAMPRODA Tanzania Milk Producers Development Association
TB Tuberculosis
VADP Village Agricultural Development Plan
VDC Village Development Committee
VFT Village Facilitation Team
VIC Veterinary Investigation Centre
VLEO Village Livestock Extension Officer
WADP Ward Agricultural Development Plan
WARCs Ward Agricultural Resource Centres
WDC Ward Development Committee
WFT Ward Facilitation Team
WLDP Ward Livestock Development Plan
WLEO Ward Livestock Extension Officer
ZIELU Zonal Information and Extension Liaison Unit
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FOREWORD
The Local Government Reform Programmes in Tanzania has necessitated the reform in the
extension services delivery mechanism. It means moving towards a new extension paradigm that
embraces decentralization, participation, outsourcing (contracting) and cost sharing/recovery
mechanism with the goal of speedup efficiency in the delivery of extension services. It also means
moving gradually from conventional public extension service which is viewed as supply driven to
livestock farmer – demand - driven extension service.
All these changes will further lead to institutional pluralism in the extension services whereby
various stakeholders will play different but complimentary roles. Some of livestock extension
service providers include: Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs);Community Based
Organizations (CBOs); livestock farmers organizations, livestock farmers’ Cooperatives and
livestock farmers’ groups; input suppliers/dealers (animal feeds and premixes, pesticides, seeds,
farm implements and equipment, veterinary drugs/vaccines etc); private vet-clinics and the mass
media.
The new extension regime recognizes the important role played by the private service providers, and
therefore the need for development of clear policy guidelines that are to be followed by all
stakeholders during service delivery.The government objective is to create an environment that
promotes private extension service whose roles will complement, supplement, work in partnership
and even substitute for public extension services. However, public extension service will continue to
play a central role in technology dissemination in areas not attractive to the private sector. Public
extension will continue to focus its effort on knowledge – based technologies that are central to
livestock farmers’ concerns and that will maintain the natural resource base. These are subject
matter areas that are not likely to be taken by the private sector. Examples include dissemination of
production management technologies that are specific to different livestock production systems; dip
management, formation of livestock associations; and environmental management issues such as
rainwater harvesting for livestock and grazing land management plans.
Both the public and private sector extension services will be guided by current policies and
programmes including the National Livestock Policy of 2006, LGRP, ASDP, LSDP and the O & OD
approach to planning all of which promote bottom up demand-driven development interventions.
In view of the above, the livestock extension services implementation guidelines would provide
guidance to different stakeholders in the delivery of extension services including the LGAs, NGOs,
CBOs and others. Furthermore, the guidelines will facilitate collaboration between all stakeholders
in extension to: ensure appropriate approaches for different settings, prioritize the wide array of
farmer demands, build the capacity of LGAs, and make sure that extension services contribute
effectively to enhance livestock production and productivity that will contribute towards economic
growth, poverty reduction and commercialization of livestock industry.
Dar es Salaam Dr. Charles W. Nyamrunda
March 2011 PERMANENT SECRETARY
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1.0 Introduction
The livestock extension service is constrained by weak collaboration amongst stakeholders,
insufficient expertise, weak research-extension-farmer linkage and inadequate infrastructure and
facilities (National Livestock Policy of 2006). Likewise, the policy and institutional context in which
livestock extension services operate have changed significantly. It is realized that the delivery of
extension services involves various stakeholders both public and private all of which have important
roles and responsibilities to play. Furthermore, extension services need to be demand–driven and
participatory. For this reason the extension services should be nested at the lowest level of the Local
Government Authority structure where livestock farmers can have a direct role in the planning and
implementation of extension activities.
The Opportunities and Obstacles to Development (O&OD) approach to planning and the DADP
Planning Guidelines of the ASDP have set forth the modalities of involving the target groups in
planning and implementation of their development initiatives. It is expected that the implementation
of livestock extension activities will follow these guidelines.
The Livestock Extension Guidelines are meant to assist various actors in aligning the
implementation of their extension activities to the approaches spelt out in the above-mentioned
Guidelines and in the National Livestock Policy of 2006. The Guidelines’ main objective is to
provide quality extension services that meet the needs of livestock farmers and other stakeholders.
Specifically, the guidelines are meant to facilitate:
(i) Coordination of livestock extension service providers at all levels;
(ii) Coordination and strengthening of research-extension–livestock farmers’ linkages;
(iii) Promotion and strengthening of participatory livestock extension services;
(iv) Strengthening technical support services for livestock extension services
(v) Clarification of roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders;
(vi) Strengthening of infrastructure and facilities for livestock extension services
(vii) Commercialization of the Livestock Sector; and
(viii) Addressing the cross-cutting issues in the delivery of extension services.
In order for the guidelines to be implemented, the government will create an enabling environment
for the participation of the private sector so as to complement the public role of livestock extension
services provision, mainly in the areas of legislation, capacity building, infrastructure and related
incentives.
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2.0 Guideline Areas
The areas outlined above are elaborated below in terms of specific objectives and the steps to be
taken to achieve them respectively.
2.1.0 Coordination of Livestock Extension Service Providers at All Levels
2.1.1 Objectives
(i) To facilitate a clear understanding of roles and nature of the livestock service
providers and other stakeholders.
(ii) To harmonize services provided by public and private livestock extension service
providers at all levels including input suppliers, livestock commodity bodies and
credit providers.
(iii) To ensure close collaboration among all the stakeholders including routine joint
planning and decision making and timely information sharing through exchange of
reports, joint workshops and seminars.
(iv) To ensure close follow ups of all extension interventions at all levels as a way of
promoting effectiveness.
2.1.2 Implementation Guidelines
Considering the many stakeholders involved in the sector, it will be important to strengthen
coordination at various levels to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the extension
services. The following levels will be involved:
At National level
Major stakeholders to be coordinated include:
(i) Programmes/projects of ASLMs that have livestock extension component
(ii) Training institutions like SUA, LITIs, MATIs, FDCs, FTCs that train the would be
livestock extension service providers, in-service livestock extension personnel and
farmers
(iii) Credit providers like SACCOS, and commercial banks.
(iv) Other stakeholders including livestock development committees and Development
Partners.
It will be the responsibility of the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development to coordinate all
national livestock extension programmes/projects and other extension initiatives in the country. The
coordination will include both public and private sector funded programmes/projects related to the
livestock extension services.
At Regional level
The Officer-In-Charge of Livestock Development in the Regional Secretariat (RS) will take lead and
coordinate all livestock extension service providers operating in the respective regions. Specifically
the Officer-In-Charge is expected to:
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· Identify, map out and maintain a directory of the key public and private actors in livestock
service delivery within the region, and
· Monitor the establishment and operation of the various livestock coordination fora at LGAs
level.
At LGAs level:
The Officer-In-Charge of Livestock Development will take lead and coordinate all livestock
extension service providers operating in the respective LGAs. Specifically the Officer-In-Charge is
expected to:
· Identify, map out and maintain a directory of the key public and private actors in livestock
service delivery within the LGA, and
· Establish various coordination fora, including District Stakeholders Forum, District Private
Sector Forum and District Livestock Farmers Fora. Representatives from these fora would
qualify to be members of the District Agricultural Sector Advisory Committee (DASAC).
At Ward and Village levels:
The Officer-In-Charge of Livestock Development will take lead and coordinate all livestock
extension service providers operating in the respective ward/village. Specifically the Officer-In-
Charge is expected to:
· Farmers will form Ward Livestock Farmer Fora which will work closely with WFTs, the
Ward Development Committees (WDCs) and any other livestock service providers in the
Wards.
· Farmers in each village will form farmer groups and networks that will work closely with the
Village Facilitation Teams (VFTs) and the Village Development Committees (VDCs). The
Village Livestock Extension Officers will coordinate all extension service providers
operating in the Villages.
· Livestock extension service providers will be expected to cooperate with other stakeholders
and the various coordinating bodies by way of sharing information and actively taking part in
the different coordination fora.
2.2.0 Coordination and Strengthening of Research-Extension–Livestock Farmer-
Linkages
2.2.1 Objective:
To ensure appropriate technologies are developed, disseminated and evaluated to address
priority needs.
2.2.2 Implementation Guidelines
In order to enhance effectiveness and efficient extension service delivery, the livestock
extension staff will have to work with other relevant institutions and service providers so as to
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facilitate communication, information and experience sharing and create synergy. This will lead
to creation of strong Research-Extension–Livestock Farmer linkages. The following steps will
be taken at different levels:
At National level
The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development will:
(i) In collaboration with other ASLMs promote the Client Oriented Research Development
Management Approach (CORDEMA) to strengthen client oriented research and
extension services.
(ii) Facilitate strong research – extension – livestock farmers’ linkages by facilitating direct
communication with other ASLMs, Zonal Information Extension Liaison Units
(ZIELUs), the Regional Secretariats, Livestock Training Institutes (LITIs), and other
stakeholders.
At Zonal level
ZIELUs will:
(i) Facilitate linkages amongst the various Ministries, LGAs, NGOs, CBOs, the private
sector and other stakeholders in their respective zones.
(ii) Coordinate the participation of various stakeholders in agricultural exhibitions, fairs,
shows and field days.
(iii) Act as focal points for the acquisition and dissemination of information related to new
technologies, methodologies, market and financial opportunities to all the LGAs in the
zone.
(iv) Ensure appropriate technologies are developed through participation of livestock farmers,
researchers and extension personnel and that socio – economic analysis and participatory
impact evaluation of technologies is conducted.
At LGA level
The District Livestock office will:
(i) Facilitate the dissemination of extension recommendations based on verified research
findings under livestock farmers’ management conditions. Up-to date research
information could be obtained through various methods like training, study tours,
exchange visits, field days and professional forums; and sources like research newsletters
and journals, input suppliers, Annual Livestock Experts Meetings, Livestock Research
Institutes/Centers, Ward Resource Centers, shows and exhibitions and the internet.
(ii) Ensure accurate and timely delivery of technical packages to livestock farming
communities through Subject Matter Specialists and other livestock extension services
providers.
(iii) Ensure that technologies developed are timely disseminated to target groups using the
correct channels.
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2.3.0 Promotion and Strengthening of Participatory Livestock Extension Services
2.3.1 Participatory Extension Approaches and Methodologies
Objectives:
a) To ensure that extension services are demand driven, taking into account special needs of
various groups in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
b) To empower livestock farmers and other stakeholders to own and sustain extension
programmes.
c) To facilitate livestock farmers and other stakeholders to identify and, on priority basis,
address challenges facing livestock production.
Implementation Guidelines
Extension services have changed from the technology transfer model to the present
participatory problem solving approaches, which aim at empowering of livestock farmers. This
approach recognizes the need for greater interaction and participatory dialogue, and
acknowledges the livestock farmers’ expertise in identifying problems and selecting options for
improvement. In this respect, the following steps will be taken at different levels:
a) The MLFD will promote and support the most cost effective, field tested participatory
approaches and methods that will lead to delivery of sustainable livestock extension services.
b) The approaches for delivery of livestock extension services will be developed to suit the
government dynamic reforms at Ministerial, Regional, District, Ward and Village levels that
will affect delivery of extension services. This will require:
· Reorientation of public and private sector service providers to cope with the changes.
· Capacity building for various actors – both in the public and private sector.
c) The ASLMs and other extension service providers will support the extension activities
through training and resource provision to livestock farming communities in developing,
implementing, monitoring and evaluation of participatory ward/village livestock extension
plans /projects,
d) At the District level participatory livestock extension activities will be incorporated into
District Agricultural Development Plans (DADPs).
2.3.2 Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation
Objective:
To institute and strengthen Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PM&E) system for
livestock extension services.
Implementation Guidelines
The MLFD will ensure quality demand-driven livestock extension services are provided by
instituting an effective PM&E system that will be implemented at Village, Ward, District, Regional
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and National levels in line with the ASDP M&E framework. Private extension service providers will
carry out PM&E as per their areas of operation.
The following process will be followed at different levels:
At Village level:
(i) The Village Council through its Economic and Environment Committees will facilitate the
planning of extension interventions for the VLDPs as well as participate in monitoring the
implementation of these interventions.
(ii) The Village Council through its VFTs will monitor, evaluate and submit physical and
financial reports to the Ward Development Committee (WDCs) for further action.
(iii) The Village Council through its VFTs will periodically revisit developed indicators and
provide feedback so as to allow improvements in the livestock sector.
At Ward level
The Ward Development Committees (WDCs), through its WFTs will consolidate and submit the
monitoring reports from the Village Councils, which in turn, will submit to the Council Management
Teams (CMTs).
At LGA level
The CMTs through its DFTs will consolidate the PM&E reports from the Wards and submit to the
Regional Secretariat.
At Regional level
The Regional Secretariat will review the reports and will provide any advice to the Districts on any
needed amendments if necessary and will eventually forward them to PMO-RALG and MLFD for
information, follow- up and technical backstopping.
2.4.0 Strengthening Technical Support Services for Livestock Extension Services;
2.4.1 Training of Livestock Extension Staff and Farmers
Objective:
To provide livestock extension staff and farmers with required knowledge and skills.
Implementation Guidelines
In consideration of the changing context in which extension services have to be delivered and the
challenges that farmers are currently facing it is obvious that both the extension staff and farmers
have to be equipped with appropriate knowledge and skills. In this context, various actors will be
responsible for building the capacity of both extension staff and livestock farmers at different levels
as follows:
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At National level
The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development and other ASLMs will collaborate to:
(i) Review the training curricula at LITIs and other related institutions to be in line with the
current philosophy, approaches and methodologies of livestock extension.
(ii) Provide training facilities for livestock farmers and extension staff while ensuring gender
consideration.
At LGA level
The LGAs will:
(i) Undertake capacity needs assessment based on the identified roles and responsibilities of
extension staff and the envisaged changes in the delivery of extension services.
(ii) Design capacity building programmes for staff and livestock farmers, that may involve a
wide range of activities including, inter alia, education, training, study tours,
sensitization seminars, technical assistance and the provision of working tools and
facilities such as transport and communication facilities, office space and extension kits.
(iii) In collaboration with ASLMs, implement the capacity building programmes according to
LGA needs and priorities.
(iv) Use a diverse range of specialized resource persons/training institutions for extension
staff training depending on the topics to be covered.
2.4.2 Recruitment and Management of Human Resource
Objective:
To ensure that extension staffs at all levels are adequate, knowledgeable, skilled and highly
motivated.
This will be achieved by:
· Recruiting and maintaining adequate and qualified livestock extension personnel preferably
one extension worker per village, and
· Improving staff efficiency through regular training and supervision.
Implementation Guidelines:
(i) The ASLMs, LGAs and other livestock extension providers will ensure that only qualified
personnel and recommended ratio is recruited to undertake livestock extension work. The authorities
will ensure high staff morale through an attractive remuneration package and provision of adequate
facilities to undertake extension work. To ensure this the following steps will be undertaken:
At National level
The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development and other ASLMs will collaborate to:
· Review the career structures of the extension cadre at all levels so as to make them attractive
and more streamlined. This will also include review of respective scheme of service, training
and management of extension staff inline with the Public Service management directives.
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· Ensure the minimum qualifications for extension personnel performing extension activities at
different levels of LGAs are adhered to.
The LGAs will ensure that:
· They employ adequate extension staff to meet their established human resource needs in
accordance with the Public Service management directives
· Livestock extension personnel especially those in public service and those employed by other
contracted organizations are committed to serve the livestock farmers of all calibres.
· Each livestock extension staff has a work plan and visiting schedule for livestock farmers.
· Supervision of livestock extension personnel is conducted on a regular basis
· They conduct staff performance appraisal as per Public Service management directives.
(ii) The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development will recommend to LGAs and other
livestock extension providers that the livestock extension personnel disposition will be as follows,
although it may vary a bit depending on type and number of livestock and livestock farmers in the
specific location:
Livestock extension personnel required at District, Ward and Village level:
LEVEL DLDO SMS
Ext.
Servi
ces
SMS
Vet.
Services/
DVO
SMS
Dair
y
SMS
Smallstocks
SMS
Meat
Hides &
Skins
SMS
Pastoral
Systems
SMS
ID,
Regist.
&
Infor.
FRONT
LINE
Extension
Worker
District 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -
Ward - - - - - - - - 1
Village - - - - - - - - 1
Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
(iii) The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development will recommend the following minimum
qualification at the different levels of the livestock extension service:
At LGA level:
The DLDO and SMSs should possess a Masters or Bachelors degree in the livestock
sciences (Animal Production and/or Veterinary Medicine)
At Ward level:
Ward level staff should possess BSc/Diploma in Animal health/ Animal Production/
Range or in Animal Health and Production.
At Village level:
Village level staff should possess a Diploma in Animal Health/ Animal Production/
Range Management or Certificate in Animal Health and Production
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(iv) The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development will recommend the following job
descriptions for the different cadre of livestock extension staff:
a) District Livestock and Fisheries Development Officer (DLFDO)
The DLDO must be able to spend substantial time in the field. In addition to normal duties the
specific responsibilities will include:
(i) To translate national livestock, fisheries and other policies, strategies, guidelines and
legislation in line with the District livestock and fisheries situation;
(ii) Ensuring preparation of the DADPs that are responsive to client needs and that are
prepared in a participatory and inclusive manner;
(iii) Facilitating research-extension -liaison; and to promote a pro-active and consistent
working relationship that involves farmers, farmer groups/forums, District Core
Team staff, ward and village staff and Council officials;
(iv) Developing a directory of livestock service providers including NGOs, CBOs and
commercial service providers and engage with them through facilitating and
enhancing their ability to contract service provision from the District;
(v) To take prime responsibility for administering the fast track and coupon contracting
system, ensuring that modalities are followed and timely decisions made, while
engaging in the tendering and awarding of the other forms of contracts;
(vi) Ensuring, through developing a categorized directory, dissemination of useful
research findings to prospective groups/clients in the District;
(vii) Fostering links and collaboration with institutions and agencies which deal with cross
sectoral and cross-cutting issues in the District e.g. natural resources, gender,
environment, Regional Facilitation Agencies (RFAs) on HIV/AIDS etc in order to
ensure that these issues are incorporated/mainstreamed in work plans for sustained
livestock and fisheries development;
(viii) Coordinating and advising on all livestock and fisheries activities undertaken in the
District by both public and private service providers. Monitor, coordinate and report
the threat or occurrence of migratory pests or livestock notifiable diseases to the
responsible zonal, regional and national officers and departments in this regard;
(ix) Compiling monthly, quarterly and annual progress reports and budgets for District
livestock and fisheries activities and accordingly submit these to the Council and
respective Regional, Zonal, and National officers, Departments and the ASDP
Secretariat;
(x) Collaborating with all government departments and the LGA officials in
recommending, developing and promoting the enforcement of livestock legislation
(xi) Preparing and submitting annual staff performance reports;
(xii) Evaluating District livestock and fisheries inputs needs, availability and distribution;
(xiii) Carrying out any other livestock and fisheries activities as assigned by the Council
Director.
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b) SMS (Extension Services)
The SMS (Extension Services) will be responsible to the DLFDO. The key function of the SMS
(Extension Services) in the District will be training and technical backstopping of Ward Livestock
Extension Officers (WLEOs) and Village Livestock Extension Officers (VLEOs), enhancing their
abilities to work with groups and to ensure the transfer of good practices between farmer groups in
the District. He/she will also ensure the availability of relevant information through leaflets, research
output summaries, market information etc at Ward Resource Centres. The incumbent should be a
good communicator and have the ability to motivate and train people to carry out the necessary
roles. Specific duties will include:
(ix) Maintaining link between research-extension-farmers with a consistent programme of
meetings, on-farm trials, demonstrations and consultations with field extension
personnel and livestock farmers, groups and fora;
(x) Arranging and participating in the sensitization, training and reorientation of
extension personnel at District and frontline levels; planning, guiding and evaluating
regular staff training, livestock farmer training and overall extension activities;
(xi) Forming strong relationships with existing or prospective farmer groups and fora and
guiding them in their development; and forming similar relations with livestock
sector NGOs, and Agricultural Service Providers;
(xii) As part of the DFT, coordinating, promoting and guiding the planning for livestock
extension services provision and implementation in the District;
(xiii) Assisting the DLFDO in the formulation of a new public service extension services
delivery approach, monitoring, promoting and guiding implementation in the field
and evaluating the performance of the District extension programme in collaboration
with the District Planning/Monitoring and Evaluation Officer;
(xiv) Supervising and guiding the collection, simple interpretation and application of
necessary livestock extension data and information from the District;
(xv) Promoting, guiding and supporting frontline staff endeavours to work with livestock
farmer groups for extension education and savings and credit purposes where
appropriate;
(xvi) Promoting private sector so that it is involved in providing livestock extension
services;
(xvii) Compiling monthly, quarterly, mid-year and annual livestock extension
implementation reports and submitting them to the DLDO;
(xviii) Preparing educational materials like posters, leaflets, booklets and other publications
relevant in the District;
(xix) Performing all other agricultural/livestock-related duties as may be directed by the
DLDO.
c) SMS (Veterinary Services) specific responsibilities will include:
(i) Coordinating animal disease control measures and eradication in the District;
(ii) Supervising all veterinary public health and animal health services in the District;
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(iii) Supervising and controlling entry and exit of animals and animal products in the
District;
(iv) Supervising the supply and distribution of veterinary inputs in the District;
(v) Preparing short and long term animal disease control and eradication programmes;
(vi) Collecting, analysing, storing, distributing and using livestock diseases data and other
information;
(vii) Coordinating animal disease surveillance and diagnosis;
(viii) Making sure all animal disease legislations are enforced;
(ix) Working in close collaboration with V.I.Cs;
(x) Promoting private sector involvement in provision of veterinary services;
(xi) Preparing monthly, quarterly, mid-year and annual reports on animal health services
and animal diseases
(xii) Performing any other duties as may be directed by the DLFDO
d) SMS (Dairy) specific responsibilities will include:
(i) Promoting the private sector to invest in dairy farming and processing;
(ii) Coordinating all District dairy breeding according to national policies;
(iii) Planning and developing the means to improve both exotic and local dairy breeds;
(iv) Reviewing from time to time the dairy and dairy products market systems in the
District;
(v) Enforcing the Dairy Act at District level;
(vi) Preparing monthly, quarterly, mid-year and annual reports on dairying performance
in the District;
(vii) Performing any other duties as may be directed by the DLFDO
e) SMS (Meat, Hides and Skins) specific responsibilities will include:
(i) Promoting the private sector to invest in commercial meat and leather industry;
(ii) Grading animals and meat cuts for market and export purposes;
(iii) Preparing monthly, quarterly, mid-year and annual reports on meat production and
markets;
(iv) Enforcing the Meat Act in the District;
(v) Monitoring production, collection, preservation and marketing of quality hides and
skins;
(vi) Providing technical advise on the use of hides and skins packages;
(vii) Promoting value addition to hides and skins in rural areas;
(viii) Conducting training sessions for all stakeholders in the hides and skins in the District;
(ix) Enforcing the Hides and Skins Act;
(x) Preparing monthly, quarterly, mid-year and annual reports on hides and skins quality and
markets;
(xi) Promoting and encouraging the use of improved livestock market infrastructures;
(xii) Reviewing from time to time the market systems in the District;
(xiii) Performing any other duties as may be directed by the DLFDO.
f) SMS (Pastoral Systems) specific responsibilities will include:
(i) Promoting the private sector to invest in commercial livestock farming;
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(ii) Coordinating all environmental issues in relation to livestock production systems;
(iii) Evaluating and monitoring grazing lands demarcation, use and development in the
district;
(iv) Coordinating livestock water use and conservation of rangelands water sources;
(v) Determining District requirements for pasture seeds, production and distribution to
various livestock stakeholders;
(vi) Enforcing the Grazing land and Animal Feed Resources Act;
(vii) Promoting and encourage traditional animal feeds conservation;
(viii) Educating livestock farmers on proper use of rangelands and other animal feeds;
(ix) Determining the livestock carrying capacity of the district according to available
rangelands;
(x) Collecting data on availability and distribution of animal feeds and feed additives in the
District;
(xi) Promoting and encourage use of improved crop residues, by-products and other noncommercial
animal feeds;
(xii) Resolving conflicts between commercial feeds users and processors and between
livestock farmers and other land users;
(xiii) Preparing monthly, quarterly, mid-year and annual reports on rangelands utilisation and
condition
(xiv) Performing any other duties as may be directed by the DLFDO
g) SMS (Identification, Registration and Information) specific responsibilities will include:
(i) Working with livestock researchers to improve the District livestock species;
(ii) Organising in collaboration with other institutions to introduce genetic improvement in
the District herd;
(iii) Registering and supervising all private veterinary practices in the District;
(iv) Preparing and coordinating livestock population surveys and census;
(v) Preparing monthly, quarterly, mid-year and annual reports on all livestock valuable
information
(vi) Collecting and analysing livestock data and making estimates of possible number of
animals and amount of animal products for various uses;
(vii) Performing any other duty as may be directed by the DLFDO.
h) SMS (Small Stocks) Specific responsibilities will include:
(i) Promoting the private sector to invest in small stock farming and marketing;
(ii) Coordinating all District small stocks breeding according to national policies;
(iii) Planning and developing the means to improve both exotic and local small stock breeds
(iv) Reviewing from time to time the small stocks marketing systems in the District;
(v) Preparing monthly, quarterly, mid-year and annual reports on small stocks performance
in the District;
(vi) Performing any other duties as may be directed by the DLFDO.
i) Ward Livestock Extension Officer (WLEO)
WLEOs will have the following specific responsibilities:
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(i) Compiling and submitting to the Ward Development Committee (WDC) a
comprehensive Ward Livestock Development Plan (WLDP) from available village plans
and ensuring the inclusion of same in the Ward Development Plan (WDP);
(ii) Supporting VLEOs administratively and technically and making close follow-ups on
their performance in implementing extension activities as demanded at farmer level to
ensure increased productivity, effective and maximum livestock extension impact;
(iii) Promoting and guiding VLEOs and actively participating in identifying, encouraging,
forming and working with livestock farmers’ groups, associations and forums;
(iv) Cooperating and collaborating with researchers to plan and guide implementation of onfarm
trials and demonstrations at field level;
(v) Collaborating, cooperating and interacting with all other extension providers in the field,
whether NGOs, CBOs or the private sector, to harmonize extension issues and maximize
resource utilization and impact;
(vi) Promptly notifying the DLFDO on any sign of livestock problem e.g. disease outbreak as
well as advising on measures to be taken on the same;
(vii) Attending and actively participating in regular training of frontline and LSP staff;
(viii) Compiling area-specific extension data and information and preparing quarterly, midyear
and annual extension reports and facilitating feedback to and from village, zonal and
programme management levels;
(ix) As part of the WFT, organising participatory meetings with VLEOs, livestock farmers
and farmer groups to appraise and analyse problems and opportunities in the community
and to assess the performance of the extension programme and seek for ways to improve;
(x) Assisting and facilitating the establishment of the WARC and promoting its utilization by
all clients in the ward;
(xi) Compiling and submitting ward implementation reports to the District as required, on a
monthly, quarterly, semi annual and annual basis; and
(xii) Performing any other duties as may be directed by the DLFDO.
j) Village Livestock Extension Officer (VLEO)
The VLEO or an equivalent independent adviser will report to the WLEO and will have the principal
role of promoting, supervising and supporting all livestock development activities in the village or
cluster of villages. Key tasks will include:
(i) Identifying, promoting, fostering and supporting group formation among farmers and
communities; and professional, independent advisory service provision by suitable
individuals or agencies in the locality;
(ii) As part of VFT, organizing participatory meetings with village leadership, livestock
farmers and farmer groups to appraise and analyze problems and opportunities in the
community and assessing the performance of the extension programme and seek for ways
to improve;
(iii) Facilitating and promoting linkages between groups leading to formation of farmer
networks and fora at Ward and District levels;
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(iv) As part of VFT, promoting and facilitating the development of a participatory Village
Agricultural Development Plan (VADP) and programmes with livestock farmers/farmer
groups, and including such issues as alternative sound crop and livestock husbandry
methods, sound soil and water conservation methods to conserve the environment, farm
planning, budgeting and management in the Village Agricultural Development Plan;
(v) Facilitating provision of livestock information to livestock farmers/farmer groups on such
aspects as crop and livestock markets, the availability of livestock inputs, implements,
and the safe use of the same;
(vi) Promoting and encouraging the utilization of Ward Agricultural Resource Centre by
livestock farmers/farmer groups from the village(s);
(vii) Implementing the agricultural/livestock laws, by-laws, regulations and guidelines as
provided by the LGA and the ASLMs;
(viii) Coordinating all livestock activities and programmes that are implemented in the
village(s);
(ix) Promoting and facilitating self monitoring and evaluation of the activities of livestock
farmers and farmer groups;
(x) Preparing and submitting village implementation reports to the WLEO as required, on a
monthly, quarterly, semi annual and annual basis;
(xi) Promptly notifying the WLEO and eventually the DLFDO on any sign of trouble e.g.
disease outbreak, as well as advising on implementation problems by any of the providers
(either public or private); and
(xii) Carrying out any other livestock-related activity as may be assigned by the WLEO or the
DLFDO.
2.5.0 Clarification of Roles and Responsibilities of Various Stakeholders;
2.5.1 Objective:
To improve the efficiency, complementarities, coordination, and to ensure effective
implementation of livestock extension services.
2.5.2 Implementation Guidelines;
The government clarify roles and responsibilities of various livestock extension service
stakeholders to avoid overlapping of services with intention of creating synergism and
complimentarily. The roles and responsibilities of key actors will be as follows.
(a) Public Sector
The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development:
(i) Create conducive environment for logistic support by both public and private sectors;
(ii) Identify different actors in livestock extension services delivery;
(iii) Facilitate the establishment of public/private sector forum at national level;
(iv) Establish proper mechanism of coordination and supervision at all levels;
(v) Facilitate institutionalization of LSDP;
(vi) Disseminate livestock best practices;
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(vii) Establish human resource employment levels and standards;
(viii) Harmonize and institute appropriate participatory methods in extension service
delivery;
(ix) Sensitize private sector to participate in extension services delivery;
(x) Facilitate the establishment of an effective and efficient incentive system for the
livestock sector;
(xi) Institute reward and recognition system for exemplary performance of extension
personnel and farmers;
(xii) Promote and strengthen livestock farmers’ organizations;
(xiii) Strengthen research- extension- farmers linkages;
(xiv) Establish and promote use of participatory M&E system in livestock extension
activities;
(xv) Establish standards for engaging private sector extension providers;
(xvi) Monitor the quality of extension services provision by LGAs and private service
providers;
(xvii) Strengthen ZIELUs, LITIs and FTCs used for livestock extension activities; and
(xviii) Conduct periodic reviews of extension programmes/projects performance.
Prime Minister’s Office – Regional Administration and Local Government
(i) Provide policy guidance on capacity building in LGAs;
(ii) Advise and facilitate recruitment of required extension personnel in LGAs;
(iii) Institute effective mechanisms for good governance and accountability in LGAs; and
(iv) Monitor the quality of extension services provision by LGAs and private service
providers.
Ministry of Industries, Trade and Marketing
(i) Facilitate availability of livestock and livestock products markets and market
information;
(ii) Institute quality control mechanisms for livestock inputs and products; and
(iii) Promote agro-processing practices and technologies for value addition.
Local Government Authorities:
i) Map out livestock farmer categories and their respective needs;
ii) Disseminate appropriate technologies demanded by farmers;
iii) Promote commercial livestock farming and value addition practices for livestock
products;
iv) Define and harmonization roles, interests and objectives of livestock extension
stakeholders;
v) Promote and strengthen networking among livestock extension stakeholders;
vi) Promote participation of private livestock extension service providers, keep
inventory and monitor their performance;
vii) Promote public-private partnership at LGA level including contracting out
extension service to private livestock extension service providers where
appropriate.
viii) Build capacity of District Facilitation Teams in participatory planning and
monitoring process;
ix) Promote utilization of farmers’ indigenous knowledge and innovations
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x) Establish and strengthen technical information resource centers at district and ward
levels;
xi) Recruit and build capacity of livestock extension staff.
xii) Promote formation and strengthening of rural micro finance institutions;
xiii) Sensitize the livestock farming communities on cost-sharing of livestock extension
services;
xiv) Strengthen logistic support for extension services and develop procurement plans
for extension facilities and logistics;
xv) Promote and support contract livestock farming and/or processing
xvi) Facilitate appropriate utilization of village grazing land to increase livestock
production and minimize conflicts amongst land users
xvii) Mainstream cross cutting issues (gender, environmental, HIV/AIDS etc) in
livestock extension services;
xviii) Keep and up-date an inventory of LGAs Livestock extension human resource and
facilities
Research Institutions
(i) Adopt client-oriented research approaches and techniques into research ;
(ii) Repack available appropriate technologies for dissemination; and
(iii) Recognize and improve farmers’ indigenous knowledge and innovations.
Training Institutions
(i) Train extension personnel in appropriate extension approaches, methods and
techniques;
(ii) Conduct tailor-made training for livestock extension personnel and farmers.
Livestock Commodity Boards
(i) Promote contract farming and processing of livestock products and by-products;
(ii) Promote formation of micro finance institutions for financing livestock services and
inputs;
(iii) Promote quality control mechanisms for livestock inputs and products;
(iv) Promote private investment in the provision of commodity extension services;
(v) Sensitize farmers on livestock commercial farming; and
(vi) Participate in rewarding deserving livestock extension personnel and farmers.
(b)Private Sector
Individual Livestock Farmers
(i) Participate in programme/project development and implementation;
(ii) Participate in livestock farmer training programmes;
(iii) Participate in livestock farmers’ needs assessment surveys;
(iv) Participate in the formation and operationalization of livestock farmers micro finance
institutions, groups and networks;
(v) Collaborate with researchers in technology development;
(vi) Utilize appropriate technologies;
(vii) Use Ward Resource Centres to access technical information;
(viii) Participate in farmer fora, exchange visits, exhibitions and other similar activities;
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(ix) Adhere to livestock and livestock products quality control procedures and
regulations;
(x) Participate in monitoring and evaluation;
(xi) Participate in cost sharing in the delivery of livestock extension services ;
(xii) Participate in national livestock shows, exhibitions and fairs; and
(xiii) Develop and practice livestock products value addition techniques.
Livestock Farmer Groups and Networks
(i) Enter into contracts with service providers;
(ii) Monitor and evaluate the performance of service providers;
(iii) Participate in lobbying and advocacy especially with respect to better markets and
prices;
(iv) Participate in the formation and operationalisation of livestock farmers micro finance
institutions, associations and networks; and
(v) Participate in livestock farmer fora, national livestock shows, exhibitions and fairs
Agribusinesses
(i) Participate in public/private partnership;
(ii) Participate in ASDP and LSDP implementation;
(iii) Participate in livestock farmer training programmes;
(iv) Participate in the provision of extension services on contract basis with LGAs or
communities;
(v) Supply livestock inputs, equipment and machinery;
(vi) Participate in value chain of livestock products;
(vii) Promote and practice livestock commodity contract farming; and
(viii) Participate in livestock shows, exhibitions and fairs
NGOs and CBOs
(i) Participate in cost sharing in the delivery of livestock extension services;
(ii) Lobby and advocate for conducive policy environment;
(iii) Provide logistic support to livestock extension services;
(iv) Participate in the provision of livestock extension services on contract basis with
LGAs, individuals or communities;
(v) Participate in the provision of livestock extension training on contract basis with
LITIs and other stakeholders;
(vi) Promote and facilitate the formation and strengthening of livestock rural
microfinance institutions, associations and networks;
(vii) Sensitize livestock farming communities on cost-sharing;
(viii) Participate in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of extension
services;
(ix) Promote value addition of livestock products; and
(x) Sensitize farmers on livestock commercial farming.
2. 5.0 Public–Private Partnership in the Facilitation of Livestock Extension Services
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2.6.1 Objectives:
To facilitate a more active role of the private sector including commercial entities, NGOs and CBOs
in the delivery of livestock extension services to complement the public extension services.
2.6.2 Implementation Guidelines:
It is the government’s intention to encourage the private sector to play a more active role in the
provision of livestock extension services, particularly to complement its effort and to improve
efficiency in service provision. This is in line with the NLP, LSDP and ASDP. It is expected
therefore that LGAs will be contracting out to the private service providers and NGOs certain
extension tasks where it is deemed to be more cost-effective to do so, and where necessary LGAs
should endeavour to build the capacity of these private service providers so that they can provide
services which meet the expectations of livestock farmers.
National level
The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development will collaborate with other ASLMs,
Development Partners, NGOs, CBOs, Farmers’ Organizations, and other extension service providers
to ensure adequate facilitation and support of livestock extension services by both public and private
service providers.
Specifically the Ministry will:
(i) Create enabling environment to attract private sector to invest in livestock industry
including livestock extension services.
(ii) Develop guidelines to assist the LGAs to engage the private service providers;
(iii) Facilitate and encourage public-private dialogue with private sector players like the
Agricultural Council of Tanzania (ACT), the Tanzania Milk Producers Development
Association (TAMPRODA), Tanzania Chamber of Trade, Industry and Agriculture
(CTIA) and the Tanzania Network of Farmers’ Groups (MVIWATA).
LGAs will:
(i) Ensure that all private livestock extension service providers are identified and their
areas of operations known as well as their capacity gaps.
(ii) Ensure that all private livestock extension service providers offer extension services
in accordance with agreed guidelines and performance standards.
(iii) Build the capacity of the private extension service providers and offer any other
support necessary to ensure effective livestock extension service delivery.
2.7.0 Communication and Networking
2.7.1 Objective:
To facilitate access to information and networking among livestock farmers and other key
stakeholders.
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2.7.2 Implementation Guidelines
Networking enables stakeholders to create and sustain information and communication system. This
will ensure efficient flow and sharing of information, which is vital in the delivery of extension
services.
Effective communication and networking among the stakeholders will therefore be strongly
supported through formation of Management Information systems (MIS) and other information and
communication packages. In addition, the following steps will be taken at different levels:
At National level, MLFD and other ASLMs will:
(i) Strengthen ZIELUs in terms of facilities and manpower. This will be done based on
needs assessment study to be conducted in all zones; and
(ii) Restructure ZIELUs in order to broaden their mandates as information brokers and create
stronger links with the MLFD (Livestock Extension Section) and other stakeholders.
At Zonal level, ZIELUs will:
(i) Collect, package and disseminate information; and
(ii) Create links with the MLFD (Livestock Extension Section) and other stakeholders; and
(iii) Facilitate the formation and strengthening of farmers’ networks and fora at zonal level.
At LGA level, LGAs will:
(i) Facilitate the formation and strengthening of farmers’ networks and fora at District and
Ward levels, as a means of sharing and disseminating information;
(ii) Establish District and Ward Resource Centres that will be stocked with various livestock
information sources that can be easily accessed by farmers, extension staff and the
general public; and
(iii) Train livestock extension staff in communication skills and the use of various
communication media in order to be more effective in disseminating livestock
information. This will be done as part of the capacity development programme in each
LGA.
2.8.0 Strengthening of Infrastructure and Facilities for Livestock Extension Services
2.8.1 Logistic Support for Livestock Extension Services
Objective:
To ensure adequate logistic support in terms of transport, extension kits and office for staff for
effective extension services delivery.
Implementation Guidelines
Inadequate transport and other necessary supporting facilities are frequently cited as major
constraints to quality extension work. The MLFD in collaboration with other ASLMs, LGAs and
other livestock extension service providers would provide adequate logistic support to ensure
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effective extension services delivery. LGAs will identify the logistic support requirements, procure
and provide them according to the needs assessment recommendations.
The following specific steps will be taken:
(i) Needs assessment for logistic requirements in terms of transport, extension kits and other
working facilities at national, zonal, regional and LGA levels;
(ii) Facilitate the operation and maintenance of all allocated facilities (vehicles, motorcycles,
bicycles, computers, photocopiers and scanners) at LGAs level;
(iii) LGAs in collaboration with the communities to support the construction of houses for
livestock field extension personnel at their work stations; and
(iv) LGAs to provide office accommodation for ward and village livestock extension
personnel.
2.8.2 Funding for Livestock Extension Services
Objectives:
To provide adequate funds for effective delivery of livestock extension services.
Implementation Guidelines
Funding for the livestock extension services will require that the government allocates adequate
funds through the normal budgetary allocation, and other stakeholders like Development Partners,
NGOs and the private sector also contribute to support extension services. Guideline on expending
extension funds is as follows:
(i) All funds from the ASDP Basket funding mechanism and LSDP are managed in a
transparent manner;
(ii) Likewise funds from other livestock extension providers like NGOs and the private sector
are known to ASLMs and LGAs and are expended on intended target groups;
(iii)Timely submission of progress reports would facilitate timely disbursement of funds in order
to ensure that the activities funded through DADPs and other sources are implemented
according to the action plans;
(iv)LGAs and other livestock extension providers through the District Stakeholders Fora will be
encouraged to establish and contribute towards District Livestock Development Fund (LDF)
which will complement the funds from the central government; and
(v) LGAs will institute a mechanism that will facilitate livestock farmers to contribute through
cost sharing to enhance demand driven extension service delivery.
2.9.0 Commercialization of Livestock Sector
2.9.1 Objective:
To ensure the livestock sector is transformed, commercialized and sustained for economic growth
and improved livelihood.
This objective will be achieved by:
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· Creating enabling environment that will allow livestock farmers to access credit, acquire and
develop land resources for large scale livestock production;
· Encouraging and promoting market oriented livestock farming for both local and export
markets;
· Improving market infrastructure and access to market information that facilitate livestock
trade;
· Educating livestock farmers to increase off-take through marketing of their live animals; and
· Promoting the processing of livestock products and by-products for value addition.
2.9.2 Implementation guidelines:
Commercialisation of the livestock sector will require the participation of different actors at all
levels as follows:
At National level:
The MLFD in collaboration with other ASLMs will:
(i) Facilitate availability and dissemination of relevant information to attract large scale
investors into the livestock sector;
(ii) Encourage commercial production within the traditional herd through education and
improvement of availability of market information;
(iii) Facilitate farmers to process livestock products and by – products;
(iv) Support the development of livestock infrastructure; and
(v) Provide both local and international livestock market information.
At LGAs level:
The LGAs in collaboration with other stakeholders will:
(i) Demarcate land for commercial livestock farming and ensure that the livestock farmers
use and develop the demarcated land accordingly;
(ii) Educate traditional livestock farmers through various educational approaches and
methods to enable them to adopt appropriate livestock husbandry practices; and
(iii) Promote the formation of livestock farmer associations and micro financial institutions
(SACCOS) in order to facilitate increased access to extension, credit, market and other
services.
2.10.0 Commodity Based Extension Services
2.10.1 Objective:
To promote commodity based livestock extension services for quality products.
2.10.2 Implementation Guidelines
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The use of commodity livestock extension services as an approach has shown successes in the
introduction and subsequent development of the dairy industry and use of Artificial Insemination
(AI). The commodities that will be given emphasis will include eggs, milk and milk products, meat
and hides and skins. In view of this, MLFD will:
· Advocate and promote the use of commodity approach to ensure that the key livestock
commodities are given due attention in extension services; and
· Ensure that LGAs and other livestock extension services providers use qualified Subject
Matter Specialists (SMSs) for specific livestock commodities.
2.11. 0 Cross-Cutting Issues
Livestock development is influenced by a number of issues that are outside the mandate of the
MLFD. These issues include land tenure, environment, gender, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, TB,
infrastructure, finance and credit. To foster livestock development, the MLFD in collaboration with
other stakeholders will institute mechanisms for coordinating the mainstreaming of these issues into
livestock extension services.
Objectives:
(i) To ensure that livestock production activities are carried out in a sustainable manner while
conserving the environment;
(ii) To ensure that capacity building and mainstreaming of gender issues in livestock extension
is done in order to address the imbalance in accessing resources and obtaining benefits
from livestock farming by both sexes and other social groups; and
(iii) To reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria through support of national and global
efforts for raising awareness and mitigation measures to protect staff and livestock farming
communities.
Implementation Guidelines
2.11.1 Environmental protection
The MLFD will promote livestock production especially of ruminants according to carrying
capacities of different areas, and will document and distribute educational materials with best
practices in grazing management in order to conserve the environment. Furthermore, MLFD will
strengthen inter-sectoral coordination and collect adequate environmental information focusing on
remedial steps and preventive approaches affecting development of the livestock industry. In
addition, the Ministry in collaboration with LGAs and other livestock extension service providers
will:
(i) Encourage use of appropriate grazing management practices;
(ii) Promote integrated and sustainable livestock production resource use; and
(iii) Establish early warning system and response measures in order to protect the
environment and livestock.
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2.11.2 Gender Mainstreaming
Women and youth perform substantial responsibilities in livestock production. However, their
access to production resources and accruing incomes from their work when compared to that of men
is generally low. This is due to socio-economic and cultural factors that put women and youth in an
inferior position in the society. In this respect, MLFD in collaboration with other stakeholders will
ensure that all livestock extension providers:
(i) Mainstream gender issues into livestock farming communities;
(ii) Promote gender sensitive labour saving technologies;
(iii)Empower women and other disadvantaged groups to access livestock farming resources and
market information;
(iv)Strive to reduce the gender imbalances, particularly in relation to access to livestock
production resources and services such as land, finance, research, extension, education,
entrepreneurial skills, healthcare services and nutrition; and
(v) Provide education on gender as a socio-economic and cultural relationship between men and
women and other age-groups.
2.11.3 HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis Prevention and Control
HIV/AIDS is a national and indeed a global disaster, affecting in particular, young men and women
in their most productive and reproductive ages. In some farming communities, HIV/AIDS is causing
labour shortages for both farm and domestic work, directly and indirectly reducing the households’
workforce, reducing knowledge and skills of trained staff and changing the gender division of labour
depending on how the farm-household members are affected.
The MLFD in collaboration with other stakeholders will:
(i) Incorporate HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria in its trainings;
(ii) Implement the National HIV/AIDS Control Policy, including creating awareness on
effects of HIV/AIDS to both technical staff and livestock farmers;
(iii) Facilitate community level seminars/workshops for planning and implementation of
HIV/AIDS management strategies; and
(iv) Promote and support small stocks farming among HIV/AIDS affected individuals.